5S

5S is a workplace organization methodology with five Japanese terms: Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke. It is used in lean production to separate needed from unneeded items, arrange what remains, clean the work area, maintain cleanliness, and sustain discipline. English translations are Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain.

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Study notes

Japanese terms: Seiri separates needed from unneeded items; Seiton arranges remaining items; Seiso cleans and washes; Seiketsu is cleanliness from regular practice of the first three; Shitsuke is discipline to perform the first four.
English translations: Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize, Sustain.
Some lean practitioners add a sixth S for Safety.
Toyota traditionally refers to four Ss: Sifting (Seiri), Sorting (Seiton), Sweeping Clean (Seiso), and Spic and Span (Seiketsu); shitsuke is dropped because daily, weekly, and monthly audits check standardized work.
The purpose includes creating standards that reveal problems, supporting basic stability for incremental gains, reducing waste, building a disciplined workplace, and nurturing shared purpose for continuous improvement.
Galsworth describes 5S as creating a visual workplace that is self-explaining, self-ordering, and self-improving.
Misguided 5S programs can add bureaucratic rules that prevent new learning and disable initiative; Ballé says 5S should teach ownership of the work environment rather than focus on neatness and discipline.

Safety

Some lean practitioners add a sixth S for Safety: establish and practice safety procedures in the workshop and office.