{"id":"ethernet-apl","model_id":"Ethernet-APL","name":"Ethernet-APL","summary":"Ethernet-APL is a two-wire Ethernet physical layer for process automation and hazardous locations, based on 10BASE-T1L. It provides 10 Mbit/s full-duplex communication and power over cable runs up to 1000 m using trunk-and-spur topology with point-to-point segments. It is intended to carry higher-level Ethernet protocols such as PROFINET and OPC UA.","study_notes":["Based on IEEE and IEC standards; uses 10BASE-T1L single-pair Ethernet.","Specifies point-to-point connections only, with each connection between communications partners forming a segment.","Uses a switched architecture and a trunk-and-spur topology.","Trunk cable lengths can reach 1000 m; spur lengths can reach 200 m with optional intrinsic safety.","Can power up to 50 field devices with up to 500 mW each.","Defines two switch types: a power switch that feeds power and communication into trunk ports, and a field switch that provides at least one spur port and can be powered via the trunk or externally.","Defines port profiles for multiple power levels with and without hazardous area protection.","Reuses existing fieldbus cable type A and uses FISCO installation practices.","Requires conformance testing for devices and components.","The APL Project was established in 2018 and backed by FieldComm Group, ODVA, OPC Foundation, and PROFIBUS & PROFINET International."],"safety_notes":["Designed for hazardous locations and supports all explosion protection techniques including intrinsic safety.","IEC TS 60079-47 (2-WISE) defines intrinsic safety protection for all hazardous Zones and Divisions and provides simple verification steps without complex calculations.","Ethernet-APL port profiles cover multiple power levels with and without hazardous area protection.","Spur segments carry lower power and can have optional intrinsic safety for lengths up to 200 m.","PROFINET over APL devices are certified under the same criteria as other PROFINET devices."],"sources":[{"url":"https://www.ethernet-apl.org/","title":"Ethernet-APL","accessed":"2026-10-25"},{"url":"https://www.profibus.com/technologies/profinet/connectivity-technologies/profinet-over-apl","title":"Ethernet - APL","accessed":"2026-10-25"}],"verification":{"status":"source_checked","checked_at":"2026-10-25","values":3,"method":"llm_source_check"},"updated_at":"2026-10-25","type":"protocol","spec":{"transports":["ethernet_l2"],"architecture":"client_server","encoding":"binary","default_ports":[],"data_types":[],"standard_body":"IEEE and IEC","standard_ref":"IEC TS 60079-47; 10BASE-T1L","related":["profinet","opc-ua"]},"url":"https://machineschema.com/protocol/ethernet-apl","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}